Direct Force: This is a blow to the body that causes the bone to break at the spot the blow was received. Indirect Force: This, for example, happens when you fall and land on your hands but a force travels up and breaks your collar bone (Clavicle).
TYPES OF FRACTURES:
Open: This is where the bone is broken and the skin is also broken. The bone may be sticking out. Closed: This is where the bone is broken but the skin is still intact. Complicated: This can occur when either an open or closed fracture causes further injury e.g. broken bone that cuts a blood vessel or punctures the lung.
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS:
S Swelling. P Pain. L Loss Of Movement. I Irregularity. N Noise. T Tenderness. S Shock.
TREATMENT:
Steady and Support- Try to reduce pain by stopping movement. Open Fracture- Place a dressing on an open fracture. Closed Fracture- Place a cold compress on to reduce swelling. Padding- to prevent limbs grating off each other. Immobilise- Tie the legs together or put the arm in a sling.
Treat for Shock and send to the Hospital.
TYPE OF JOINTS:
Ball and Socket- shoulder and hip. Hinge - knee and elbow. Slightly Moveable- spine and jaw.
Soft Tissue Injuries
Sprain: This is a torn ligament at a joint.
Strain: This is a torn or over stretched muscle.
TREATMENT:
R
Rest
I
Ice
C
Compress
E
Elevate
Voluntary Muscles: Controlled by will e.g. your arm.
Involuntary Muscles: Controlled by central nervous system, e.g. temperature control.
Cramp:
It is a sudden involuntary contraction of a muscle or a group of muscles. To treat it, you should stretch the muscle by straightening it and then massage it.
Dislocation:
It is the displacement of a bone at a joint. Treat like a fracture.
